Chinese version of the stressor scale for emergency nurse: assessment of reliability and validity / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To translate the Stressor Scale for Emergency Nurse (SSEN), and to test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version.Methods:According to the Brislin model to translate and back-translate the orginal English version, the Chinese version of the scale was determined after cross-cultural adaptation and pretesting. From October 2021 to January 2022, 401 emergency nurses in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were selected for a questionnaire survey to evaluate the reliability and validity of the translated Chinese scale.Results:The Chinese version of the SSEN retains 27 items, 4 common factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis, and the factor cumulative variance contribution rate was 78.463%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that χ2/ df=2.280, comparative fitness index=0.933, Tucker-Lewis index=0.924, incremental fit index=0.933, root mean square of approximate residual=0.079, all within the acceptable range. The item-level content validity index of the Chinese SSEN was 0.80-1.00; the scale-level content validity index was 0.97; it was positively correlated with the Maslach Burnout Inventory manual, and the correlation coefficient was 0.456 ( P<0.001); the Cronbach α coefficient of the total table was 0.971, the split-half reliability was 0.877, and the test-retest reliability was 0.958. Conclusions:The Chinese version of the SSEN has good reliability and validity, and it can be used to investgate the occupattional stressors for emergency nurses in the context of Chinese culture.

Platelet Removal Efficiency by Leukocyte Filter in Red Blood Cell Units at Different Storage Periods / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to investigate change of platelet count in red blood cell （RBC） units at different storage periods and explore the efficiency of platelet removal by leukocyte filter. MethodsA total of 58 RBC units were divided into four groups according to different storage periods： 1 week Group （16）， 2 weeks Group （16）， 3 weeks Group （14） and 4 weeks Group （12）. RBC units in the four groups were filtered through leukocyte filter. The RBC samples before and after filtration were obtained. The platelet count was detected by automatic blood cell counter and the efficiency of platelet removal was calculated. RBC samples before filtration were made into blood cell smears. The blood cell smears were dyed with Wright-Giemsa stain， and the morphology of platelets was observed through a microscope. ResultsThe platelet count in RBC units stored for 1， 2， 3 and 4 weeks was （286.5±62.34）×109/L， （238.0±57.37）×109/L， （193.6±56.21）×109/L and （167.8±24.76）×109/L， respectively. Platelet count in blood stored for 3 weeks （P<0.01） and 4 weeks （P <0.000 1） were significantly lower than those stored for 1 weeks. When observed in the blood smears of RBC units at different storage periods， platelets with normal morphology were distributed in clump and scattered style. The platelet removal rates of the four groups were （80.13±9.06） %， （76.41±10.13） %， （77.78±9.30） % and （70.63±9.39） %， respectively， with no significant difference （P >0.05）. ConclusionsPlatelet count in RBC units decreases gradually as the storage period increases， but most platelets still remain in RBC units of late storage periods （3 weeks and 4 weeks）. The leukocyte filter is able to remove most of the platelets， and the removal efficiency is similar among the groups.

Jinyinqingre Oral Liquid alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3/GSDMD pathway / 中国天然药物

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a prevalent and severe clinical condition characterized by inflammatory damage to the lung endothelial and epithelial barriers, resulting in high incidence and mortality rates. Currently, there is a lack of safe and effective drugs for the treatment of ALI. In a previous clinical study, we observed that Jinyinqingre oral liquid (JYQR), a Traditional Chinese Medicine formulation prepared by the Taihe Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, exhibited notable efficacy in treating inflammation-related hepatitis and cholecystitis in clinical settings. However, the potential role of JYQR in ALI/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and its anti-inflammatory mechanism remains unexplored. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of JYQR in ALI using a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI and an in vitro RAW264.7 cell model. JYQR yielded substantial improvements in LPS-induced histological alterations in lung tissues. Additionally, JYQR administration led to a noteworthy reduction in total protein levels within the BALF, a decrease in MPAP, and attenuation of pleural thickness. These findings collectively highlight the remarkable efficacy of JYQR in mitigating the deleterious effects of LPS-induced ALI. Mechanistic investigations revealed that JYQR pretreatment significantly inhibited NF-κB activation and downregulated the expressions of the downstream proteins, namely NLRP3 and GSDMD, as well as proinflammatory cytokine levels in mice and RAW2647 cells. Consequently, JYQR alleviated LPS-induced ALI by inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3/GSDMD pathway. JYQR exerts a protective effect against LPS-induced ALI in mice, and its mechanism of action involves the downregulation of the NF-κB/NLRP3/GSDMD inflammatory pathway.

Research Progress of m6A Demethylase FTO and Its Inhibitors in Acute Myeloid Leukemia --Review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Obesity-associated protein (FTO) is an important m6A demethylase that regulates RNA methylation modification and can promote the proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia(AML) cells. FTO regulates the methylation level of AML through multiple cellular signaling pathways such as FTO/RARA/ASB2, FTO/m6A/CEBPA, and PDGFRB/ERK, and participates in the occurrence, development, treatment and prognosis of AML. At present, studies have found that a variety of inhibitors targeting FTO have shown good anti-leukemia effects, and the study of FTO will provide new ideas for the treatment of AML. This review focus on the mechanism of action of FTO in AML and the research progress of FTO inhibitors in AML.

Similarities and differences of myocardial metabolic characteristics between HFpEF and HFrEF mice based on LC-MS/MS metabolomics / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To reveal the similarities and differences in myocardial metabolic characteristics between heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) mice using metabolomics. Methods: The experimental mice were divided into 4 groups, including control, HFpEF, sham and HFrEF groups (10 mice in each group). High fat diet and Nω-nitroarginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) were applied to construct a"two-hit"HFpEF mouse model. Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery was used to construct the HFrEF mouse model. The differential expression of metabolites in the myocardium of HFpEF and HFrEF mice was detected by untargeted metabolomics (UHPLC-QE-MS). Variable importance in projection>1 and P<0.05 were used as criteria to screen and classify the differentially expressed metabolites between the mice models. KEGG functional enrichment and pathway impact analysis demonstrated significantly altered metabolic pathways in both HFpEF and HFrEF mice. Results: One hundred and nine differentially expressed metabolites were detected in HFpEF mice, and 270 differentially expressed metabolites were detected in HFrEF mice. Compared with the control group, the most significantly changed metabolite in HFpEF mice was glycerophospholipids, while HFrEF mice presented with the largest proportion of carboxylic acids and their derivatives. KEGG enrichment and pathway impact analysis showed that the differentially expressed metabolites in HFpEF mice were mainly enriched in pathways such as biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, ether lipid metabolism, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism and arginine and proline metabolism. The differentially expressed metabolites in HFrEF mice were mainly enriched in arginine and proline metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism, etc. Conclusions: HFpEF mice have a significantly different myocardial metabolite expression profile compared with HFrEF mice. In addition, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, arachidonic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism and arginine and proline metabolism are significantly altered in both HFpEF and HFrEF mice, suggesting that these metabolic pathways may play an important role in disease progression in both types of heart failure.

Difference and consistency of corneal refractive power and astigmatism in cataract patients measured by CASIA2 and IOL Master 700 / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To compare the difference and consistency of corneal refractive power and astigmatism measured by CASIA2 and IOL Master 700 in patients with age-related cataract.METHODS: Retrospective study. A total of 153 patients(232 eyes)with age-related cataract admitted to Daping hospital from November to December 2021 were selected. The flat keratometry(Kf), steep keratometry(Ks), mean keratometry(Km), degree and axis of astigmatism(vector representation J0 and J45)of the anterior, posterior surfaces together with the total cornea from cataract patients were measured by CASIA2 and IOL Master 700, respectively. The difference, correlation and consistency of the two instruments were analyzed.RESULTS:There was no significant difference in J45 values of posterior corneal surface measured by CASIA2 and IOL Master 700(-0.006±0.038D vs. -0.005±0.044D, P&#x003E;0.05), but there were significant differences in other parameters(all P&#x003C;0.05). All parameters measured by the two instruments were significantly positive correlated(all r/rs&#x003E;0.7, P&#x003C;0.001); Bland-Altman analysis showed that the refractive power and astigmatism of the anterior cornea surface measured by the two facilities were in good consistency, while the refractive power of the posterior surface and the whole cornea showed poor consistency.CONCLUSION: CASIA2 and IOL Master 700 showed little differences and good consistency in the refractive power and astigmatism of the anterior, posterior and total corneal surface in cataract patients, which seems interchangeable. However, the refractive power of the posterior surface and the whole cornea has significant differences and poor consistency, which should not be interchange casually.

Effects of different doses of simvastatin and atorvastatin combined with trimetazidine on blood lipids and cardiac function in patients with chronic heart failure / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the effects of different doses of simvastatin and atorvastatin combined with trimetazidine on blood lipids and cardiac function in patients with chronic heart failure.Methods:A total of 100 patients with chronic heart failure who received treatment in Jinan Second People's Hospital from September 2019 to August 2021 were included in this study. These patients were divided into three groups according to different treatment methods: group A ( n = 33), group B ( n = 33), and group C ( n = 34). Group A was treated with a conventional dose of simvastatin combined with trimetazidine. Group B was treated with a high dose of simvastatin combined with trimetazidine. Group C was treated with atorvastatin combined with trimetazidine. All patients were treated for 6 months. Cardiac function, blood lipids, inflammatory factors, and excellent and good rates of therapeutic effects post-treatment were compared between the three groups. The adverse events during the treatment were recorded. Results:There were no significant differences in blood lipids, cardiac function, inflammatory factors, and excellent and good rates of therapeutic effects between the two groups (all P > 0.05). After 6 months of treatment, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [(1.99 ± 0.25) mmol/L, (2.01 ± 0.16) mmol/L] and left ventricular ejection fraction [(51.29 ± 4.15)%, (51.37 ± 4.44)%] in groups B and C were significantly higher than those in group A [(1.52 ± 0.16) mmol/L, (42.28 ± 4.86)%, t = 9.10, 6.24; 8.10, 11.38, all P < 0.05). Caspase-1 [(42.33 ± 3.19) ng/L, (41.87 ± 3.55) ng/L], interleukin-18 [(54.55 ± 4.39) ng/L, (53.98 ± 4.45) ng/L], left ventricular end-systolic diameter [(35.13 ± 2.13) mm, (35.68 ± 2.46) mm], left ventricular end-diastolic diameter [(44.39 ± 3.65) mm, (44.42 ± 3.32) mm], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [(2.69 ± 0.39) mmol/L, (2.57 ± 0.13) mmol/L], total cholesterol [(3.79 ± 0.13 ) mmol/L, (3.56 ± 0.69) mmol/L], triacylglycerol [(1.12 ± 0.05) mmol/L, (1.10 ± 0.07) mmol/L] levels in groups B and C were significantly lower than those in group A [(68.41 ±10.23) ng/L, (88.37 ± 6.65) ng/L, (42.63 ± 3.13) mm, (51.68 ± 5.42) mm, (3.13 ± 0.11) mmol/L, (4.21 ± 0.11) mmol/L, (1.51 ± 0.11) mmol/L, t = -13.98, -24.38, -14.27, -24.95, -6.41, -5.64, -8.00, -10.12, -14.17, -18.54, -12.53, -19.01, -5.35, -18.26, all P < 0.05]. 6-minute walking distances [(352.19 ± 25.4) m, (351.74 ± 24.29) m] in groups B and C were significantly longer than that in group A [(319.71 ± 21.11) m, t = 6.63, 5.75, both P < 0.05). The excellent and good rates at 3 and 6 months after surgery in group B was significantly higher than that in group A ( χ2 = 4.00, 4.16, both P < 0.05), but the incidence of adverse reactions in group B [18.18% (6/33)] was significantly higher than 3.03% (1/33) in group A and 2.94% (1/34) in group C (both P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between group A and group C ( P > 0.05). Conclusion:Atorvastatin and high-dose simvastatin alone combined with trimetazidine can achieve good therapeutic effects on chronic heart failure. Both combined therapies are beneficial to improve heart function and reduce myocardial damage. However, atorvastatin combined with trimetazidine is safer than high-dose simvastatin combined with trimetazidine.

Clinical significance of high-risk HPV-DNA detection combined with TCT in screening and follow-up of cervical lesions / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo explore the application value of high-risk HPV-DNA detection combined with TCT in cervical lesion screening and follow-up. MethodsThis study was conducted from February 2019 to February 2021. During this period， 241 subjects who were the patients referred from the primary community hospitals to the center for re-examination of cervical lesions. Of which 80 were patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Liquid-based cytology （TCT） technology was used to examine the cervical cytological morphology. The second-generation high-throughput sequencing technology and time-of-flight mass spectrometry technology， independently developed by BGI， were used to screen for HPV-DNA typing. At the same time， biopsy sampling was carried out， and the final pathological diagnosis was made. TCT detection and combined HPV-DNA detection were performed on 80 patients to compare the relationship between TCT alone and TCT/HPV-DNA combined test for the diagnosis and prognosis of CIN Ⅱ and CIN Ⅲ. Follow-up was conducted， and the HPV infection and TCT were re-tested. ResultsAmong the 80 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia， 41 cases （51.25%） were between 35 and 44 years old， higher than the other age groups （P<0.001）. Compared with either TCT or HPV-DNA， TCT combined with HPV-DNA had obvious advantages in sensitivity， specificity， positive predictive value， and negative predictive value （P<0.05）. The recurrence rate in CIN Ⅱ and CIN Ⅲ groups was 9.52% and 16.67% respectively after 18 months of the follow-up. ConclusionTCT detection plays a positive role in cervical pre-cancer screening. By combining high-risk HPV-DNA typing and TCT detection， the detection values of sensitivity and specificity are significantly higher， which can improve the accuracy of cervical lesion screening and is of great significance for the follow-up work.

Diagnosis and treatment status of perioperative anemia in patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms: a multi-center study in Hubei Province / 中华外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the incidence and treatment of perioperative anemia in patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms in Hubei Province. Methods: The clinicopathological data of 7 474 patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms in 62 hospitals in 15 cities (state) of Hubei Province in 2019 were collected in the form of network database. There were 4 749 males and 2 725 females. The median age of the patients was 62 years (range: 17 to 96 years). The hemoglobin value of the first time in hospital and the first day after operation was used as the criterion of preoperative anemia and postoperative anemia. Anemia was defined as male hemoglobin <120 g/L and female hemoglobin <110.0 g/L, mild anemia as 90 to normal, moderate anemia as 60 to <90 g/L, severe anemia as <60 g/L. The t test and χ2 test were used for inter-group comparison. Results: The overall incidence of preoperative anemia was 38.60%(2 885/7 474), and the incidences of mild anemia, moderate anemia and severe anemia were 25.09%(1 875/7 474), 11.37%(850/7 474) and 2.14%(160/7 474), respectively. The overall incidence of postoperative anemia was 61.40%(4 589/7 474). The incidence of mild anemia, moderate anemia and severe anemia were 48.73%(3 642/7 474), 12.20%(912/7 474) and 0.47%(35/7 474), respectively. The proportion of preoperative anemia patients receiving treatment was 26.86% (775/2 885), and the proportion of postoperative anemia patients receiving treatment was 14.93% (685/4 589). The proportions of preoperative anemia patients in grade ⅢA, grade ⅢB, and grade ⅡA hospitals receiving treatment were 26.12% (649/2 485), 32.32% (85/263), and 29.93% (41/137), and the proportions of postoperative anemia patients receiving treatment were 14.61% (592/4 052), 22.05% (73/331), and 9.71% (20/206). The proportion of intraoperative blood transfusion (16.74% (483/2 885) vs. 3.05% (140/4 589), χ²=434.555, P<0.01) and the incidence of postoperative complications (17.78% (513/2 885) vs. 14.08% (646/4 589), χ²=18.553, P<0.01) in the preoperative anemia group were higher than those in the non-anemia group, and the postoperative hospital stay in the preoperative anemia group was longer than that in the non-anemia group ((14.1±7.3) days vs. (13.3±6.2) days, t=5.202, P<0.01). Conclusions: The incidence of perioperative anemia in patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms is high. Preoperative anemia can increase the demand for intraoperative blood transfusion and affect the short-term prognosis of patients. At present, the concept of standardized treatment of perioperative anemia among gastrointestinal surgeons in Hubei Province needs to be improved.

Distributive characteristics of HBV DNA CpG islands in HBsAg positive mothers and its relationship with intrauterine transmission / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To investigate the type, length, and CG loci of HBV DNA CpG islands in HBsAg positive maternal C genotype and its relationship with intrauterine HBV transmission, so as to provide a new perspective for the study of intrauterine transmission of HBV. Methods: From June 2011 to July 2013, HBsAg-positive mothers and their newborns who delivered in the obstetrics and gynecology department of the Third People's Hospital of Taiyuan were collected. Epidemiological data were collected through face-to-face questionnaires and electronic medical records. Serum HBV markers and serum HBV DNA were detected by electrochemiluminescence and quantitative fluorescence PCR, respectively. Intrauterine transmission of HBV was determined by positive HBsAg and/or HBV DNA in femoral venous blood before injection of HBV vaccine/Hepatitis B immunoglobulin within 24 h of birth. A total of 22 mothers and their newborns with HBV DNA load ≥106 IU/ml in intrauterine transmission were selected as the intrauterine transmission group, and 22 mothers with HBV DNA load ≥106 IU/ml without intrauterine transmission were chosen as the control group by random seed method. The distribution prediction of CpG islands of HBV DNA in 39 mothers with genotype C by HBV DNA sequencing was analyzed. Results: Among 39 mothers with HBV C genotype, 19 were in the intrauterine transmission group, and 20 were in the control group. The HBV DNA of 39 patients with genotype C traditional CpG island Ⅱ and Ⅲ, while the control group had traditional CpG island Ⅰ and novel CpG island Ⅳ and Ⅴ. The length of CpG island Ⅱ and Ⅲ and the number of CG loci of CpG island Ⅱ in the intrauterine transmission group differed from those in the control group (P<0.05). The CpG island Ⅱ length ≥518 bp and the number of CG loci ≥40 in the intrauterine transmission group (11/19) were significantly higher than those in the control group (2/20) (P<0.05). The length of CpG island Ⅱ and the number of CG loci in the X gene promoter region (Xp region) were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). In the HBV intrauterine transmission group, most of maternal (12/19) HBV DNA CpG island Ⅱ completely covered the Xp region, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (5/20), and the number of HBV DNA Xp region CG loci was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions: The distribution of maternal C genotype HBV DNA CpG islands is related to intrauterine transmission. The length of CpG island Ⅱ and the number of CG sites may increase the risk of intrauterine transmission of HBV.

Analysis on influencing factors of HBV intrauterine transmission based on integration of decision tree model and logistic regression model / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To investigate the influencing factors of HBV intrauterine transmission and their interaction effects by integrating logistic regression model and Chi-squared automatic interaction detector (CHAID) decision tree model. Methods: A total of 689 pairs of HBsAg-positive mothers and their neonates in the obstetrics department of the Third People's Hospital of Taiyuan from 2007 to 2013 were enrolled, and the basic information of mothers and their neonates were obtained by questionnaire survey and medical record review, such as the general demographic characteristics, gestational week and delivery mode. HBV DNA and HBV serological markers of the mothers and newborns were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay respectively. The CHAID decision tree model and unconditional logistic regression analysis were used to explore the factors influencing HBV intrauterine transmission in neonates of HBsAg-positive mothers. Results: Among the 689 neonates, the incidence of HBV intrauterine transmission was 11.47% (79/689). After adjusted for confounding factors, the first and second logistic multivariate analysis showed that cesarean delivery was a protective factor for HBV intrauterine transmission (OR=0.25, 95%CI: 0.14-0.43; OR=0.27, 95%CI: 0.15-0.46); both models indicated that maternal HBeAg positivity and HBV DNA load ≥2×105 IU/ml before delivery were risk factors of HBV intrauterine transmission (OR=3.89, 95%CI: 2.32-6.51; OR=3.48, 95%CI: 2.12-5.71), respectively. The CHAID decision tree model screened three significant factors influencing HBV intrauterine transmission, the most significant one was maternal HBeAg status, followed by delivery mode and maternal HBV DNA load. There were interactions between maternal HBeAg status and delivery modes, as well as delivery mode and maternal HBV DNA load before delivery. The rate of HBV intrauterine transmission in newborns of HBeAg-positive mothers by vaginal delivery increased from 19.08% to 29.37%; among HBeAg-positive mothers with HBV DNA ≥2×105 IU/ml, the rate of HBV intrauterine transmission increased to 33.33% in the newborns by vaginal delivery. Conclusions: Maternal HBeAg positivity,maternal HBV DNA ≥2×105 IU/ml and vaginal delivery could be risk factors for HBV intrauterine transmission in newborns. Interaction effects were found between maternal HBeAg positivity and vaginal delivery, as well as vaginal delivery and high maternal HBV DNA load. Logistic regression model and the CHAID decision tree model can be used in conjunction to identify the high-risk populations and develop preventive strategies accurately.

Analysis on migration of HIV/AIDS cases and related factors in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan province, 2020 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To analyze the migration of the HIV/AIDS cases and related factors in Liangshan Yi autonomous prefecture (Liangshan). Methods: According to HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Response Information Management System of China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, a total of 28 772 HIV/AIDS cases who had follow-up records in Liangshan in 2020 were included in the survey. The migration of the HIV/AIDS cases was described and the related factors were analyzed using multiple logistic regression models, and the migration destinations of the HIV/AIDS cases were mapped. Results: Among the 28 772 HIV/AIDS cases, 20.89% (6 010/28 772) had migration in 2020. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that among the HIV/AIDS cases, the migration related factors included being aged 15-24 years (compared with being aged 0-14 years, OR=2.74, 95%CI:2.04-3.69) and ethnic group (compared with Han ethnic group, OR=2.44, 95%CI:2.19-2.72), having education level of junior high school (compared with having education level of primary school or below, OR=1.25, 95%CI:1.14-1.38), being unmarried (compared with being married, OR=1.29, 95%CI:1.20-1.39), being engaged in business services (compared with being engaged in farming, OR=1.96, 95%CI:1.31-2.92), receiving antiviral treatment <1 year (compared with receiving antiviral treatment >3 years, OR=1.42, 95%CI:1.26-1.61), having recent CD4+T lymphocytes (CD4) counts >500 cells/μl (compared with having recent CD4 counts <200 cells/μl, OR=1.15, 95%CI:1.03-1.29). The geographical distribution maps showed that among all cities in Sichuan, Xichang (13.26%, 797/6 010) and Chengdu (10.12%,608/6 010) were the main migration destinations of the HIV/AIDS cases, and the provinces outside Sichuan where the HIV/AIDS cases would like to migrate to were mainly Guangdong (18.19%, 1 093/6 010) and Zhejiang provinces (7.67%, 461/6 010) in 2020. The HIV/AIDS cases who migrated where Liangshan, within Sichuan province, and to other provinces accounted for 27.67% (1 663/6 010), 15.34% (922/6 010) and 56.99% (3 425/6 010), respectively. Conclusions: More attention should be paid to the mobility characteristics and the classification management of HIV/AIDS cases according to their characteristics in Liangshan. Timely access to information on changes in the place of work and residence of HIV/AIDS cases should be warranted when they have migration. Good referrals and management for mobility of HIV/AIDS cases in different places should be made to reduce loss to follow-up and improving interventions.

Prevention of Deep Vein Thrombosis by Panax Notoginseng Saponins Combined with Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin in Surgical Patients / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the efficacy of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) prevention among real-world surgical inpatients who received panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) combined with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH).@*METHODS@#A prospective cohort study was conducted among surgical patients between January 2016 and November 2018 in Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Participants received LMWH alone or PNS combined with LMWH for preventing DVT. The primary outcome was incidence of lower extremity DVT, which was screened once a week. Participants in the LMWH group were given LMWH (enoxaparin) via hypodermic injection, 4000-8000 AxalU once daily. Participants in the exposure group received PNS (Xuesaitong oral tablets, 100 mg, 3 times daily) combined with LMWH given the same as LMWH group.@*RESULTS@#Of the 325 patients screened for the study, 281 participants were included in the final analysis. The cohort was divided into PNS + LMWH group and LMWH group with 134 and 147 participants, respectively. There was a significant difference of DVT incidence between two groups (P=0.01), with 21 (15.7%) incident DVT in the PNS + LMWH group, and 41 (27.9%) incident DVT in the LMWH group. Compared with participants without DVT, the participants diagnosed with DVT were older and had higher D-dimer level. The multivariate logistic regression model showed a significant lower risk of incident DVT among participants in the PNS + LMWH group compared with the LMWH group (odds ratio 0.46, 95% confidence interval, 0.25-0.86). There were no significant differences in thromboelaslography values (including R, K, Angle, and MA) and differences in severe bleeding between two groups. No symptomatic pulmonary embolism occurred during the study.@*CONCLUSION@#Combined application of PNS and LMWH can effectively reduce the incidence of DVT among surgical inpatients compared with LMWH monotherapy, without increased risk of bleeding.

Performances of Prognostic Models in Stratifying Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer Receiving First-line Chemotherapy: a Validation Study in a Chinese Cohort

Purpose@#While several prognostic models for the stratification of death risk have been developed for patients with advanced gastric cancer receiving first-line chemotherapy, they have seldom been tested in the Chinese population. This study investigated the performance of these models and identified the optimal tools for Chinese patients. @*Materials and Methods@#Patients diagnosed with metastatic or recurrent gastric adenocarcinoma who received first-line chemotherapy were eligible for inclusion in the validation cohort. Their clinical data and survival outcomes were retrieved and documented. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and calibration curves were used to evaluate the predictive ability of the models. Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted for patients in different risk groups divided by 7 published stratification tools. Log-rank tests with pairwise comparisons were used to compare survival differences. @*Results@#The analysis included a total of 346 patients with metastatic or recurrent disease.The median overall survival time was 11.9 months. The patients were different into different risk groups according to the prognostic stratification models, which showed variability in distinguishing mortality risk in these patients. The model proposed by Kim et al. showed relative higher predicting abilities compared to the other models, with the highest χ 2 (25.8) value in log-rank tests across subgroups, and areas under the curve values at 6, 12, and 24 months of 0.65 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59–0.72), 0.60 (0.54–0.65), and 0.63 (0.56–0.69), respectively. @*Conclusions@#Among existing prognostic tools, the models constructed by Kim et al., which incorporated performance status score, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, and tumor differentiation, were more effective in stratifying Chinese patients with gastric cancer receiving first-line chemotherapy.

Determination of insulin lispro in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application in a pharmacokinetics study / 药学学报

Compared with human insulin, insulin lispro shows a faster hypoglycemic effect and a higher peak plasma concentration, which can better control postprandial hyperglycemia. In this study, we used a solid phase extraction pretreatment method and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to quantify insulin lispro in rat plasma. Bovine insulin was used as an internal standard. Plasma samples were separated on an ACQUITY UPLC Peptide CSH C18 column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) after solid phase extraction. Positive electrospray ionization was performed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with transitions of m/z 1 162.5→217.2 for insulin lispro and m/z 1 157.5→136.0 for insulin bovine (internal standard). The method validation results showed that the linear range was 0.1 ng·mL-1 - 100 ng·mL-1; intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision met the acceptance criteria for biological sample analysis. The recovery of insulin lispro ranged from 63.1% to 68.1%. The method was applied in a pharmacokinetic study of insulin lispro following a single-dose subcutaneous administration to rats. Animal experiments were approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 regulating ERK pathway on the biological behaviors of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[摘 要] 目的：探讨1,25-二羟维生素D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]对食管鳞状细胞癌（esophageal squamous cell carcinoma，ESCC）细胞增殖、迁移和细胞周期的影响及其相关机制。方法：用不同浓度1,25(OH)2D3处理ESCC细胞TE-11、KYSE30、TE-1和KYSE510后，用CCK-8法检测细胞的增殖能力。再用浓度分别是0、0.1、0.15、0.2 μmol/L的1,25(OH)2D3处理TE-11和KYSE30细胞，划痕愈合实验、流式细胞术分别检测细胞的迁移能力和细胞周期分布情况，WB法检测细胞中cyclin D1、P27、ERK和p-ERK蛋白的表达水平。结果：1,25(OH)2D3显著抑制TE-11和KYSE30细胞的增殖能力，其抑制程度呈时间依赖性和浓度依赖性。0.1和0.2 μmol/L的1,25(OH)2D3处理48 h后，与空白对照组比较，TE-11和KYSE30细胞的迁移能力均显著降低（P<0.05或P<0.01），处于G0/G1期细胞显著增加（P<0.05或P<0.01），细胞中cyclin D1和p-ERK蛋白水平显著下调、P27蛋白水平明显上调（P<0.05或P<0.01）而ERK蛋白的表达无明显变化。结论：1,25(OH)2D3显著抑制ESCC细胞的增殖和迁移能力并阻滞细胞周期进程，其可能通过调控ERK信号通路而发挥作用。

Research advances in cartilage stem cells markers and induced differentiation / 华西口腔医学杂志

Cartilage stem cells (CSCs) are cells that self-proliferate, have surface antigen expression, and have multidirectional differentiation potential in the articular cartilage. CSCs, as an ideal source of stem cells, has a good application prospect in stem cell therapy. This article reviews the CSCs markers, cartilage differentiation signaling pathway, and clinical treatment of osteoarthritis.

Nucleotide-binding Oligomerization Domain-like Receptor Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 Inflammasome in Alzheimer's Disease / 中国医学科学院学报

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a chronic neurodegenerative disease whose cause remains unclear.The β-amyloid plaques in the brain are one of the major pathological features of AD.However,the drugs targeting extracellular β-amyloid plaques have failed to cure the disease.Innate immunity and neuroinflammation play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of AD.As the macrophages existing in the central nervous system,microglia are related with extracellular β-amyloid deposition,intracellular neurofibrillary tangle formation,and neuron injury.Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the activation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3)inflammasome in microglia plays a role in AD,suggesting new therapeutic target for AD in this signaling pathway.This article reviewed the studies about the activation and regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis and progression of AD as well as the development of AD therapies targeting this pathway,aiming to provide reference for further studies in this field.

Role of ATP6V1H gene in bone metabolism / 中国骨伤

Osteoporosis is one of the common clinical orthopedic diseases, which can lead to a variety of complications. There are many pathogenic factors in this disease. The latest research found that ATP6V1H is a new gene leading to the occurrence of osteoporosis, and it is likely to become a new target for the future drug treatment of osteoporosis.This paper introduces the biological structure and characteristics of H subunit, summed up the human body caused by loss of ATP6V1H and animal models such as zebrafish, mice bone loss and osteoporosis symptom such as related research reports of the loss, from osteoclast, osteoblast and marrow stromal cell level and the connection between the various subunits further expounds the H subunit regulate bone dynamic balance of mechanism, to explore ATP6V1H in bone developmentand bone related diseases has laid a solid foundation, also provide new ideas for clinical treatment of osteoporosis.

Effect of Fuzheng Jiedu Prescription Combined with 5-Fu Against Postoperative Recurrence and Metastasis of Gastric Cancer in Mice： An Exploration Based on Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effect of Fuzheng Jiedu prescription（FZJDP） combined with 5-fluorouracil （5-Fu） against postoperative recurrence and metastasis in gastric cancer-bearing mice and explore the possible mechanism based on changes in CD4⁺ T cells， CD8⁺ T cells， and regulatory T （Treg） cells of tumor microenvironment， endoplasmic reticulum stress （ERS） and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B（Akt）/mammalian target of rapamycin（mTOR） pathway. Method:Forty 615 mice were randomly divided into the model group，FZJDP （25 g·kg^-1） group，5-Fu（25 mg·kg^-1）group，and combined （25 g·kg^-1 FZJDP + 25 mg·kg^-1 5-Fu）group， with 10 mice in each group. Mouse forestomach carcinoma （MFC） cells were implanted into the inner side of footpad of the left hind paw and the transplanted tumor was then surgically excised to establish a postoperative recurrence model. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was conducted to observe the pathological changes in mice with gastric cancer recurrence and lung metastasis. The CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T cell ratio in recurrent tumor and the percentages of Treg cells ［CD4⁺，CD25⁺， and forkhead box protein P3 （FOXP3）⁺ cells］ in spleen were detected by flow cytometry. The contents of ERS-related proteins ［78-kDa glucose-regulated protein（GRP78），inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha （IRE1<italic>α</italic>），activating transcription factor 6（ATF6），and protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase（PERK）］ and the expression of related proteins in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway were determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry （IHC）. Result:Compared with the model group， the combined group significantly increased the recurrent inhibition rate （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The recurrent tumor weight was significantly decreased in each treatment group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The number of lung metastases and metastasis rate declined in each treatment group， and the lowest values were observed in the combined group， without any statistical significance. The CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T cell ratios in the FZJDP group and combined group were significantly elevated （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， while the percentages of Treg cells were reduced （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. However， 5-Fu resulted in a significant increase in Treg cell percentage （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. IHC results showed that the protein expression levels of ATF6 （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）， IRE1<italic>α</italic>（<italic>P</italic><0.05），and Akt （<italic>P</italic><0.01） in each treatment group were significantly down-regulated as compared with those in the model group. As revealed by Western blot， the GRP78 expression level in the 5-Fu group was lower than that in the model group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， and the expression levels of PI3K， phosphorylated Akt （p-Akt）， and mTOR were significantly decreased in the 5-Fu group and the combined group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Conclusion:FZJDP combined with 5-Fu reduces postoperative recurrence and metastasis in tumor-bearing mice possibly by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway， diminishing ERS，and improving tumor immune microenvironment.